These functions are carried out by the 2 main compartments of the spleen. The spleen has a unique location, embryological development and histological structure that differs significantly from other lymphoid organs special histological features define several important functions of the spleen. It is structurally complex and has a number of different functions such as immunological monitoring of bloodborne antigens, storage of blood and destruction of aged or abnormal blood cells. Spleen lien is the largest lymphoid tissue in the body and specialised, beenshaped organ for filtering blood. The spleen is an important organ for keeping bodily fluids balanced. It is possible to live without it, but removal of the spleen has serious consequences. Abstract the spleen is an important peripheral immunologic organ although not essential for life.
The spleen plays multiple supporting roles in the body. Blood cells spleen monocytemacrophage system thymus accessory lymphoid tissues malt, tonsils some portions of the hematopoietic system are easily accessible to clinicians and provide valuable information about the health status of the patient eg blood smears and peripheral lymph node aspirates. An introduction to the histology of the spleen, as presented by the university of rochester pathology it program. Study 78 spleen pathology flashcards from kelsey b. It is the first organ injured in sickle cell anaemia sca with evidence of hyposplenism.
Lies just beneath the left half of the diaphragm close to 9,10 and 11 ribs and on the left side of abdomen. The terminal vessels of the spleen s arterial tree are the sheathed capillaries, which either enter directly into splenic sinusoids or empty openly into the spleen s connective tissue. Understand the histology and organization of lymphoid organs thymus, spleen, lymph nodeunderstand the histology and organization of lymphoid tissue, particularly that associated with the gastrointestinal tract. Tissue death in the spleen, called splenic infarct, is due to a lack of blood flow or a lack of oxygen in. Also remove heinz bodies or other red blood cell inclusions peripheral blood has howelljolly bodies if no functional spleen is present white pulp. As far as the spleen of fishes is concerned, the most complete and syste matic histological description is that of. It is structurally complex and has a number of different functions such as immunological. Figure 2 spleen congestion in a female f344n rat from a chronic study. The spleen is an intraperitoneal organ that lies in what quadrant and plane of the abdominal cavity. Splenorenal, gastrosplenic, splenocolic and splenophrenic ligaments hold in place. This diagrammatic representation of the spleen, should help you understand where red and white pulp come from. Normal structure, function, and histology of the spleen mark f. Sh lecture lymphatic structure and organs embryology. The spleen combines the innate and adaptive immune system in a uniquely organized way.
The red pulp is markedly expanded by numerous hematopoietic cells arrow. Histopathology images of immune thrombocytopenic purpura itp. Like the thymus, the spleen houses and aids in the maturation of immune system cells called lymphocytes. When analyzing human cellular immune responses, most focus is placed on the peripheral blood pb and, to a lesser extent, the lymph nodes. The orthogonal measurements approach in estimating spleen size. In this article we will discuss about the structure of spleen with the help of suitable diagram. The spleen is soft, highly vascular and dark purple in colour. Like the lymph node, the human spleen is a highly compartimentalized organ. The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ in the body and is interposed within the circulatory system. Like the lymph nodes, it also has a hilus hilium which is where the major blood vessels enter and leave. Normal structure, function, and histology of the spleen. Spleen pathology diagnostic medical sonography pathology.
The spleen is the largest organ of your lymphatic system, a subdivision of the immune system. With the spleen retracted medially, the phrenicocolic ligament is incised. Similar to the case for lymph nodes, proliferating bcells within the white pulp may form lymphoid follicles with germinal centers. Anatomical and histomorphological study of spleen and. Its network of trabeculae, blood vessels and lymphoid tissue provides an environment in which white blood cells lymphocytes proliferate while old damaged red blood cells erythrocytes are recycled. The spleen has a combined function of immune defence and quality control of senescent or altered red cells. Lymphomas of the spleen in order of prevalence in a series of 115 cases.
This sop will be applied to fresh tissue processed for cell isolation. The white pulp, located around a central arteriole, is composed of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath pals, tcell area, the adjacent follicles bcell area, and marginal zone bcell area figure 1. The goal of this lab is to examine the organization of the major organs of the lymphatic system. Pdf normal structure, function, and histology of the spleen. Spleen birte steiniger, university of marburg, marburg, germany the spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ present in all vertebrates. It acts as a filter for blood as part of the immune system. It shows how the artery has a lymphoid sheath surrounding the artery, as it enters the spleen, with aggregations of secondary lymphoid tissue. On the outer edge, note the presence of a capsule from which short trabeculae containing a trabecular artery and trabecular vein extend into the parenchyma. By the end of the lab, you should be able to describe and distinguish lymph nodules, tonsil, lymph nodes, thymus, and spleen using the criteria given in the table below. The spleen is the largest secondary immune organ in the body and is responsible for initiating immune reactions to bloodborne antigens and for filtering the blood of foreign material and old or damaged red blood cells. Creating videos for youtube is something called passionate task for us. This open circulation is unique in the human circulatory system which is normally a closed circuit. Jun 12, 2011 spleen is an important internal organ that is on average not larger than the size of a fist. The anatomy and embryology of the spleen are well described in standard texts on those subjects 1.
The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ present in all vertebrates. Lymph node and spleen cytohistology cytohistology of small tissue samples 1st edition by andrew s. Forms sheaths of lymphoid cells around arteries periarteriolar lymphatic sheath, composed of t cells and lymphoid follicles b cells with surrounding mantle zone proliferating b cells and. Whenever congestion in the spleen is believed to be associated with treatment or with a gross lesion, it should be diagnosed and assigned a severity grade. The spleen, an important part of the reticuloendothelial system, acts as a filter for circulating debris including bacteria and as an important source of lymphoid cells and antibody production. The spleen is an organ found in virtually all vertebrates. Histology photo album home album list last uploads last comments most viewed top rated my favorites search. The purpose of this standard operating procedure sop is to outline procedures forisolating and cryopreserving cells from spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
The arteries arrow are surrounded by white pulp wp, which consists of lymphocytes and reticular connective tissue. The white pulp represents the sections of the spleen which are involved in immune responses to bloodborne microbes and are in many ways analogous to lymph nodes. Home education eatlas histopathology spleen immune thrombocytopenic purpura itp immune thrombocytopenic purpura itp image id. The spleen is a fist sized organ located in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen. The main functions of the spleen are filtering of blood, lymphopoiesis and immunoglobulin production. The gross appearance and size of the spleen are variable, depending on the species and the degree of distension. Enhanced histopathology of the spleen pubmed central pmc. Sinuses are separated by splenic cords cords of billroth containing a labyrinth of splenic macrophages, which filter red blood cells and ingest old normal lifespan is 120 days, damaged seen in hereditary spherocytosis, sickle cell anemia or antibody coated red blood cells. Mouse spleen typical number spleen mouse lymph nodes red blood cells 5 x 1012 na 2. The red pulp sinusoids are moderately distended by erythrocytes arrow. Each compartment has its own structure, cell population, and functions. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura itp immune thrombocytopenic purpura itp.
Filtration of erythrocytes and platelets are performed via splenic cords in the red pulp. Lymph node and spleen cytohistology cytohistology of. Spleen cross section for histological understanding of structures. Completely intraperitoneal, except at the hilum, where splenic vessels enter exit, part of foregut anatomy of spleen. Spleen, human 100x most splenic tissue is red pulp rp containing red blood cells, reticular connective tissue, macrophages and venous sinuses. The structure of the spleen enables it to remove older.
The spleen is the largest collection of lymphoid tissue in the body. The large lymphatic nodules white pulp of the spleen. Anatomy, embryology, histology and physiology of the spleen. Mouse spleen typical numberspleen mouse lymph nodes red blood cells 5 x 1012 na 2.
The phenomenon that the increase of the proportion in spleen separates with that in peripheral blood may be due to. It is the largest lymphoid organ and thus the largest filter of blood in the human body. The spleen is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body. The spleen has multiple functions in the human body. In contrast to the other organs we have seen so far, the spleen is not arranged into cortex and medulla.
This is a section of the spleen showing the fibrous capsule at the surface and the red and white pulp regions within the organ. Sh practical lymphatic structure and organs embryology. Figure 1 spleen congestion in a female f344n rat from a chronic study. Other cells derived from the sinusoids of the splenic artery specialize to participate in the reticuloendothelial system 1. The spleen is the largest mass of lymphatic tissue in the body, and is found between stomach and diaphragm. It is normally palpable in preterm infants, in 30% of normal, fullterm neonates, and in 5% to 10% of infants and toddlers. Aug 17, 2017 an introduction to the histology of the spleen, as presented by the university of rochester pathology it program. Lymph nodes the lymph node is a remarkable structure that serves as a a meeting place for antigen, antigenpresenting cells, and naive b and t cells to initiate the adaptive immune response and b the site. A spleen easily palpable below the costal margin in any child over the age of 34 years should be considered abnormal until proven otherwise.
Mar 31, 2020 the spleen is the largest organ of your lymphatic system, a subdivision of the immune system. Anatomical and histomorphological study of spleen and pancreas in berzem barbus pectoralis 1mahmood khaksary mahabady, 2hassan morovvati, 2ameneh arefi and 3masoud karamifar 1department of anatomy and embryology, school of veterinary medicine, shahid chamran university of ahvaz, ahvaz, iran. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. The spleen is covered by a dense capsule, and there are connective tissue trabeculae, which provide internal support for the spleen, and carry the blood vessels into the spleen. The lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus basicmedical key. This name indicates that there is a thick, sleevelike accumulation of small t lymphocytes around the arterioles, which is called the pals. This case of itp, treated with steroids, shows red pulp with numerous foamy histiocytes. Histology study guide by mindijentes includes 15 questions covering vocabulary, terms and more. The t lymphocytes settle down in a meshwork of specialized. Choose from 171 different sets of spleen histology flashcards on quizlet. Current diagnostic pathology 1997 4, 100105 1997 pearson professional ltd histology of the spleen. Although it may seem dispensable as it is possible to live without it, the spleen is constantly. Learn spleen histology with free interactive flashcards. Located in the upper left region of the abdominal cavity, the spleen s primary function is to filter blood of damaged cells, cellular debris, and pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
Jun 23, 2019 the spleen is the largest organ of the lymphatic system. Understand the major cell types of blood as they appear in blood smears. It is a highly vascular haemopoietic organ situated in the left hypochondrium directly beneath the. The spleen is the largest organ of the lymphatic system. It can show a wide range of variation, the knowledge of which is important for physicians, surgeons and radiologists the present study was done to perform a morphometric analysis of cadaveric spleens and compare the results with previous studies. Spleen cross section for histological understanding of. Spleen is a clinically important organ because of its immunological and hematological role in the body. Structure of spleen with diagram lymphatic tissue biology. Aug 17, 2017 creating videos for youtube is something called passionate task for us. The two major functional zones of the spleen are the hematogenous red pulp and the lymphoid white pulp.
Figure 1 spleen, red pulp extramedullary hematopoiesis, increased in a treated male b6c3f1n mouse from a chronic study. The structure of the spleen enables it to remove older erythrocytes from the circulation and leads to the. Quizlet flashcards, activities and games help you improve your grades. These include the white pulp with tcell areas and bfollicles, the nonfiltering lymphoid areas of the red pulp, the border between red and white pulp the perifollicular zone, the red pulp cord. Like the thymus, it only has efferent lymph vessels, which leave from. For high end tech tips, visit for latest movie trail. The ratio of splenic weight to body weight remains fairly constant regardless of age and, in rats, is typically around 0. Detailed anatomical and embryological descriptions have been purposely omitted from this chapter, which concentrates on the surgical relevance of spleen related structures and their development. Spleen is a professional immune organ, which maybe more sensitive to the changes of immune situation than peripheral blood.
Peripheral tcell lymphoma, not otherwise specified. Pleural cavity separates spleen and diaphragm from the rib. This lecture will provide an overview of the lymphoid structure and histology of key cells, vessels, structures and organs lymphoid organs, including the lymph nodes, spleen and thymus, as well as extranodal lymphoid tissues including mucosal associated lymphoid tissues malt. The spleen in local and systemic regulation of immunity. The spleen is delivered to the midline by means of blunt and sharp dissection of the areolar plane between the kidney and the pancreas. Figure 2 spleen, red pulp extramedullary hematopoiesis, increased in a. What is a hereditary disorder that occurs among blacks where the red blood cells are deformed abnormally shaped and become susceptible to rupture vascular obstruction is concentrated in spleen and bones.
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